French Rebels Win in 1830
-Both liberals and radicals responded forcefully rejected Charles X's belief in absolutism.
-Louis Philippe was named the "citizen king" since he dressed like his people, shook hands with the people, and just walked the streets casually.
The Spirit of Reform Spreads
-The Congress of Vienna united the Austrian Netherlands and the Kingdom of Holland under the Dutch king.
-Belgians resented the new arrangement and Belgium became an independent state with a liberal constitution.
-Russia, Austria, and Prussia divided up Poland.
The French Revolt Again in 1848
-A recession heightened the discontent with government and Paris was ripe for revolution once again.
-A number of demonstrators clashed with royal troops and were killed during the "February Days"
-Louis Philippe abdicated as turmoil spread.
-Upper- and middle-class interests won control over the government by June.
-Napoleon III proclaimed himself emperor and ended the short-lived Second Republic
Revolution Surges Through Europe
-Louis Kossuth demanded an independent government to end serfdom.
-Uprisings erupted in Italian states since nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg domination and set up a constitutional government.
-Divisions emerged over whether Germany should be a republic or a monarchy and to include Austria in a united German state.
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