Napoleon Quiz and Journal

1. Noble
2. Formal
3. Brave
4. Mighty
5. Distinguished

1. Stubborn
2. Worried
3. Serious

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
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Napoleon: Hero or Villain?

Napoleon, a French Hero
1. Strengthened the central government
2. Made peace with the Catholic Church
3. Napoleonic Code

Napoleon, a "Bad Guy"
1. Let 580,000 soldiers die trying to conquer Russia
2. Women lost most of their gained rights
3. Failed to make Europe a French empire

I think Napoleon should be remembered as a hero since he won so many battles for France. He made an impact that reached across the Atlantic.
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Illustrated Timeline

IBSA Video Guide

Part III: Reign of Terror
Interesting: 16,000 people were beheaded in the Terror
Boring: government controls price on bread
Strange: Robespierre paranoid of people killing him, died via guillotine
Awesome!: rampant guillotine deaths

Robespierre: Reign of Terror
Interesting: Robespierre wanted to use more terror to create a republic
Boring:
Strange: no one can call anyone monsieur or madame
Awesome!: Robespierre was the last to die in the Terror

Coroner's Report: Guillotine:
No notes are required

The French Revolution Song:
Interesting: enlightenment ideas entered people's ears
Boring: the king of france was absolute
Strange: the estate general has revoked
Awesome!: the king and queen tried to escape and were caught and set on house arrest
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The Radical Days of the Revolution (3:3 Questions)

1. Yes it was right since he purposely created problems for the people and he also took advantage of his power.
2. Robespierre wanted to end the Terror in Paris and he brought upon the guillotine.
3. Robespierre assumed responsibility at an early age and he was snubbed so it led to him wanting to be successful.
4. They chose the guillotine because they said it would lead to a painless death.
5. It was a success because they made peace with Prussia and Spain however it failed because there was chaos when politicians turned to Napoleon
6. The French had a new leader (Napoleon), there was a military draft, the French had Nationalism, everyone was equal, and elaborate fashions became practical clothing.
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Sans-culottes Sensory Figure

I SEE... civilians getting involved in the revolution.
I SMELL... gun powder, blood, and sweat mixing together.
I HEAR... screams of agony from my fellow men.
I FEEL... the dryness of my mouth.
I TASTE... the hard dough of bread we're barely given.
I FEEL... sadness because our nation has to go through these hardships.
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The French Revolution

4 Phases of Revolution
1. National Assembly (1789-1791)
2. The Radical Phase (1792-1795)
3. The Directory (1795-1799)
4. Age of Napoleon (1799-1815)

National Assembly
-"Great Fear"
-Special privileges end for the Nobles
-Declaration of the Rights of Man passed
-"Liberty, property, and security"
-Gov't exists to protect natural rights
-Constitution of 1791 establishes a limited monarchy
-Monarchies of Europe fearing "The French Plague" get agitates by emigres, causing prep for war
-Continued financial woes breed discontent with people

Radical Phase
-Sans-culottes & Jacobins capitalize on growing discontent and take over the legislature
-rewrite constitution
-abolish monarchy
-set up a republic
-seize nobles land & abolish their titles
-have a trial for and execute Louis XVI
-go to war w/ Europe over revolution vs. monarchy

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3:2 Assessment Questions

1. Factions - A variety of factions competed to gain power in France.
Marquis de Lafayette - Lafayette fought along Washington in the American Revolution and headed the National Guard.
Olympe de Gouges - She demanded equal rights in her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
Marie Antoinette - She lived a life of pleasure and extravagance.
Emigres - Emigres reported attacks on their privileges and properties and turned against France.
Sans-culottes - sans-culottes pushed the revolution more radically.
Republic - Many sans-culottes demanded a republic instead of a monarch.
Jacobins - They advanced the republican cause.

3. They are similar because they protect its citizens' rights. They're both very detailed on the rights listed.
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Causes of the French Revolution

1. Inequalities among classes; First and Second estate don't have to pay taxes but the Third estate does.
2. Taxes were being raised.
3. Third Estate calls for privileged classes to pay their share, but they refused.
4. The Third Estate wanted all three states to meet with votes counted "by head".
5. The Third Estate was locked out and guarded from their meeting hall.
6. The king planned to dissolve the Assembly of the Third Estate.

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Chapter 2 Review

Page 78
1. In a FEDERAL REPUBLIC, power is divided between the federal government and the states.
2. MONTESQUIEU advanced the idea of separation of powers.
3. The ROCOCO style influenced by the Enlightenment was personal, elegant, and charming.
4. The enlightened despot who ended censorship was JOSEPH II.
5. The American Revolution ended when George Washington forced the surrender of the British at YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA.
6. JOHN LOCKE believed in NATURAL RIGHTS, which are the rights to life, liberty, and property.
7. John Locke advocated the protection by the government of people's natural rights.

9. Enlightened despots were inspired to bring about political and social change in their countries.
10. American colonies fought for no taxation without representation against the British government.
11. The Bill of Rights highlight the enlightenment by protecting citizens' life, liberty, and property.
12. The Enlightenment changed how people looked at things. People realized that they have rights that should be protected and if not met, they could overthrow the government.

14. It would force the production of plenty more new ideas in other places because the Enlightenment helped Americans think of things they haven't seen before and it worked for them.

Page 79
1. Kant believes in ____ based on Document B.
A. Freedom of religion
2. In Document C, the author condemned.
A. Torture
3. Catherine the Great and Diderot pictured in Document D are most likely
B. Sharing enlightenment ideas. 

Birth of the American Republic (2:3)

Britain Becomes a Global Power
     -England's location was a key sense to their control of trade.
     -England's territory expanded.
     -Britain was generally the on the winning side of European conflicts.
     -England's climate was favorable to business and commerce.
  George III wanted to reassert royal power and end Whig domination.
The 13 Colonies in the Mid-1700s
  13 prosperous colonies stretched along the eastern coast of North America and were part of Britain's growing empire.
  The colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups and social distinctions were more blurred than Europe.
Colonists Express Discontent
  The wars drained the British treasury so King George III passed the Sugar Act and Stamp Act which led to protesting "No taxation without representation."
  George Washington was part of the meeting of the political and social leaders of the 13 colonies to determine what to do with the harsh laws passed.
  Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, getting ideas from Locke's natural rights idea.
The American Revolution Continues
   The first turning point in the war was the American victory in the Battle of Saratoga.
   Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia
A New Constitution
   The nation's leaders included George Washington, James Madison and Benjamin Franklin to gather once more for the Articles of Confederation.
   The Constitution created a federal republic.
   The Constitution of the United States was the most progressive government of its day.

Enlightenment Ideas Spread (2:2)

New Ideas Challenge Society
Writers Face Censorship
     Government and church waged a war of censorship to restrict access to ideas and information
     Some philosophers and writers hide their ideas in works of fiction
Ideas Spread in Salons
     New information were regular topics in salons (informal social gathering where they exchange ideas)
     Salons originated in the 1600s in Paris
     Madame Geoffrin had the most respected salon and had Mozart play for her guests and Diderot was a regular.

Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas
From Grandeur to Charm
     Baroque paintings - huge, colorful, full of excitement and glorified historic battles or lives of saints
     Rocco style was developed by Louis XV and his court's informal lifestyle
The Enlightenment Inspires Composers
     Classical music evolved as well as ballets and operas performed at royal courts
     Johann Sebastian Bach wrote religious works for organs and choirs (Messiah)
     Franz Joseph Haydn developed forms for the string quartet and the symphony
The Novel Takes Shape
     Many people liked stories that happened in their own times in the 1700s that resulted in an outpour of novels

Enlightened Despots Embrace New Ideas
Frederick II Attempts Reform
     Frederick the Great - "first servant of the state" with a duty for the common good despite having an extremely tight control over subjects
     Reduce torture and allow free press (praised Voltaire)
     Recognized religious differences, civil service, and simplified laws
Catherine the Great Studies Philosophes' Works
     Catherine II - implemented Enlightenment ideas when became Russian empress
     granted nobles a charter of rights but still held power
Joseph II Continues Reform
      worked to improve peasants' way of life
     Maria Teresa's son Joseph II supported religious equality and ended censorship
     abolished serfdom

Lives of the Majority Change Slowly
     Radical ideas about equality and social justice seeped into peasant villages

Words of the World: ENLIGHTENMENT

+Age of Reason - looked to reason to explain things. (light of reason)
+Kant, German philosopher - mankind grows out of immaturity
+During the mid-1600s until the end of French Revolution
+Idea of Enlightenment - people began to want to think for themselves
+Kant "dare to know"
+not religion telling you, its rational thought
+challenges authority
+the Enlightenment is seen as "ending" with the American Revolution and the French Revolution
+Dark side: slave trade increases --> ironically celebrating "freedom"

Democratic Developments in England

Growth of Royal Power
Common Law
-In 1154, Henry II broadened the system of royal justice (accepted customs)
-common law: a legal system based on custom and court rulings.
-Began to standardize laws and punishments.
-Under Henry II, they adopted the jury system.

Evolving Traditions of Government
The Magna Carta
-Henry's son John was greedy and angered nobles with oppressive taxes and abuses of power.
-In 1215, the Magna Carta was forced by rebels to be signed by John that listed feudal rights.
>"Due process of law"
>Can't raise new taxes without consulting Great Council
>Rights extended to English citizens
>Monarch must obey the law
Development of Parliament
-Great Council evolved into Parliament ("parler" - to talk)
-"What touches all should be approved by all. " -Edward I
-Model Parliament over time developed into House of Lords and House of Commons.
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