New Ideas Challenge Society
Writers Face Censorship
Government and church waged a war of censorship to restrict access to ideas and information
Some philosophers and writers hide their ideas in works of fiction
Ideas Spread in Salons
New information were regular topics in salons (informal social gathering where they exchange ideas)
Salons originated in the 1600s in Paris
Madame Geoffrin had the most respected salon and had Mozart play for her guests and Diderot was a regular.
Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas
From Grandeur to Charm
Baroque paintings - huge, colorful, full of excitement and glorified historic battles or lives of saints
Rocco style was developed by Louis XV and his court's informal lifestyle
The Enlightenment Inspires Composers
Classical music evolved as well as ballets and operas performed at royal courts
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote religious works for organs and choirs (Messiah)
Franz Joseph Haydn developed forms for the string quartet and the symphony
The Novel Takes Shape
Many people liked stories that happened in their own times in the 1700s that resulted in an outpour of novels
Enlightened Despots Embrace New Ideas
Frederick II Attempts Reform
Frederick the Great - "first servant of the state" with a duty for the common good despite having an extremely tight control over subjects
Reduce torture and allow free press (praised Voltaire)
Recognized religious differences, civil service, and simplified laws
Catherine the Great Studies Philosophes' Works
Catherine II - implemented Enlightenment ideas when became Russian empress
granted nobles a charter of rights but still held power
Joseph II Continues Reform
worked to improve peasants' way of life
Maria Teresa's son Joseph II supported religious equality and ended censorship
abolished serfdom
Lives of the Majority Change Slowly
Radical ideas about equality and social justice seeped into peasant villages
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